How Much Does a Spavia Franchise Cost?

Get Franchise Bundle
Get Full Bundle:
$79 $49
$99 $79
$49 $29

TOTAL:

2026 CAPITAL REQUIREMENT

How much does a Spavia franchise cost?

A prospective U.S. franchisee should start with Spavia International, LLC's published Total Estimated Initial Investment of $479,450 to $885,450 for one franchised Day Spa. A separate $569,950 to $975,950 disclosure applies to three-unit development rights plus the first opening; it is not the cost of opening all three locations.

$479,450-$885,450

One franchised Day Spa under the April 30, 2026 disclosure. The official range covers opening expenditures and three months of operating support, but excludes any owner draw or salary. Source: 2026 FDD, Item 7, pp. 21-25. The same headline figures appear in the brand's official franchise cost information.

Data basis: Spavia International, LLC; U.S. Franchise Disclosure Document issued April 30, 2026; one franchised Day Spa and a separate Development Agreement path. Cost analysis uses Item 5, pp. 11-12; Item 6, pp. 13-20; Item 7, pp. 21-26; and cost-relevant portions of Items 8, 10, 11, and 17. Information checked July 19, 2026.

No matching 2026 FDD was located on an official franchise-controlled public page, so FDD references in this article are unlinked. Current offer status was also checked against the Wisconsin active franchise registration record.

Key cost figures

For one standard location under the 2026 disclosure, these figures separate the contract payment, training tuition, opening reserve, percentage charges, and monthly systems bill. They should not be added together as though they were all due on the same date.

Initial Franchise Fee $59,500 Lump sum for one Franchise Agreement; non-refundable.
Initial Training Fee $5,000 Tuition for the franchisee and two additional trainees.
Additional Funds $40K-$80K First three months after opening; owner salary is excluded.
Royalty Fee 6% Gross Sales; generally collected weekly after opening.
Fund Contribution 1% Gross Sales; paid on the Royalty Fee interval.
Technology Fee $650/mo. Current fee; starts three months before opening and may increase.
OPENING INVESTMENT

What is included in the initial investment range?

The opening schedule separates agreement and pre-construction payments from the premises, outfitting, systems, and operating support needed for a standard location. The tables preserve every disclosed line item rather than replacing the range with an average or midpoint.

Agreement, training, site, and professional costs

For one standard location in 2026, the agreement and tuition charges are fixed, while travel, deposits, permits, site assistance, and professional work vary with the buyer, the property, and local requirements. The payment column is as important as the amount column because several obligations arise before construction is complete.

Opening category 2026 range When paid Payee
Initial Franchise Fee $59,500 Upon execution of the Franchise Agreement Spavia International, LLC
Initial Training Fee $5,000 Item 7 says upon execution; Item 5 says before training participation Spavia International, LLC
Travel and Living Expenses During Initial Training $1,000-$2,000 As incurred Airlines, hotels, restaurants
Site Selection $0-$2,000 As incurred or agreed Third-party Approved Supplier
Security Deposits for Lease and Utilities $5,000-$15,000 When signing the lease or opening utility accounts Landlord and utility providers
Business License and Permits $1,000-$11,000 As incurred Government agencies
Professional Fees $1,000-$5,500 As agreed Third-party vendors

Source: 2026 FDD, Item 7, p. 21; Initial Training Fee timing cross-checked to Item 5, pp. 11-12.

The first group is largely about gaining the right to proceed and securing the people and property needed for the project. A fixed contract payment can be due long before the site is ready, while travel and local approvals are paid only as those events occur. Deposits may be recoverable under a lease or utility contract, but the disclosure generally treats opening expenditures as non-refundable unless the outside payee agrees otherwise. That distinction matters when comparing the headline total with the cash that must be immediately available.

The tuition line also has a timing inconsistency inside the document. One table places it at contract execution, while the narrative says it is due before participation. The amount is unchanged, but the date affects the opening calendar. A buyer should have the final invoice date confirmed in writing and should separately reserve travel and living expenses, because those costs are not covered by tuition.

Premises, equipment, technology, and operating capital

For one standard location in 2026, the premises and outfitting group accounts for most of the opening budget. These amounts are paid to several third parties at different stages, and the operating reserve is spent after opening rather than delivered to the franchisor as one advance payment.

Opening category 2026 range Timing Main cost relationship
Pre-Construction, Architectural and Engineering $20,000-$32,000 As incurred Third-party vendors, potentially an Approved Supplier
Leasehold Improvements $288,000-$545,000 As agreed during build-out Net estimate assumes some Tenant Improvement Allowance
Signage and Graphics $12,000-$22,000 As agreed Third-party Approved Supplier
Equipment and Supplies $70,000-$100,000 As incurred or agreed Includes furniture, fixtures, technology hardware, opening products, inventory, and supplies
Technology Fees Payable Prior to Opening $1,950 Three monthly charges before opening Spavia International, LLC
Additional Funds - 3 Months $40,000-$80,000 As incurred after opening Payroll, rent, marketing, insurance, royalty, repairs, bank charges, tax, and other operating expenses
Published Total Estimated Initial Investment $479,450-$885,450 Official stated total; see reconciliation caveat below

Source: 2026 FDD, Item 7, pp. 21-25.

The second group is more sensitive to the selected premises. The stated low end does not mean every category can simultaneously be achieved at its minimum, and the stated high end is not a cap. Contractor bids, landlord work letters, reimbursement rules, utility requirements, delivery charges, and the condition of the space can change when cash leaves the buyer's account even when a landlord later reimburses part of the work.

The operating reserve is already inside the published total. It is intended to support ordinary expenses during the opening period when receipts may not cover all bills, and it expressly excludes compensation for the owner. Personal living expenses therefore require a separate source of funds. The reserve also should not be added a second time merely because it is described as money needed after the doors open.

The equipment line reaches beyond treatment-room fixtures. It covers the required hardware, furniture, operating materials, and opening product stock needed to meet system standards. Supplier financing or leasing may change the timing of payment, but it does not remove the underlying obligation or guarantee favorable terms. Any financed purchase should be compared on total cost, collateral, required deposit, and the date installments begin.

SOURCE CONFLICT

The listed rows do not arithmetically reconcile to the published total. Adding the low amounts produces $504,450, which is $25,000 above the stated $479,450 floor. Adding the high amounts produces $880,950, which is $4,500 below the stated $885,450 ceiling. These are derived calculations, not franchisor estimates, and the disclosure does not explain the differences. Preserve the official headline range for comparison, but request a written reconciliation before using it as a funding plan.

RANGE DRIVERS

Which cost categories create most of the variation?

Leasehold Improvements are the dominant range driver. The premises spread is much wider than any other opening category. Outfitting the site and maintaining an opening cash reserve are the next largest variables, while permits, deposits, exterior identification, and advisory work depend on the chosen property and jurisdiction.

Largest disclosed opening-cost ranges

For one standard Day Spa in the 2026 disclosure, the premises range is the widest. Floating bars use a $0 to $545,000 scale, and every official low and high value is printed beside its category.

Source: 2026 FDD, Item 7, pp. 21-22. The geometry is a direct scale conversion of the disclosed ranges; it is not a budget recommendation.

The bar position shows the disclosed low point and the bar length shows the spread to the high point. It does not show probability, a recommended target, or what a particular market will cost. A narrow bar can still represent a necessary payment, while a wide bar signals that the property, scope, vendor quote, or opening assumptions need more investigation before a buyer commits.

The premises figure deserves its own written budget because reimbursements often arrive after invoices are paid. A landlord contribution can reduce the net project cost without reducing the short-term cash required to pay contractors. The lease should therefore identify eligible work, submission deadlines, lien-waiver requirements, inspection conditions, and the point at which reimbursement is released. Those terms can materially change the borrowing need even when the final net cost remains within the disclosed range.

For Leasehold Improvements, Spavia reports recent construction costs, net of the average Tenant Improvement Allowance, of $91 to $213 per square foot. The target Day Spa size is 2,600 to 3,200 square feet, with a recommended footprint near 3,000 square feet and approximately nine to ten treatment rooms. Reported Tenant Improvement Allowances ranged from $18 to $78 per square foot, averaging $42 per square foot. Source: 2026 FDD, Item 7, pp. 23-24.

The size guidance is not a license to multiply the per-square-foot figures into a new official total. The disclosure already publishes a net range and explains that recent projects, landlord contributions, building type, layout, and location affected the result. A site-specific estimate should use the actual plan, contractor scope, local code requirements, and the proposed lease rather than a midpoint created from unrelated assumptions.

Required-purchase percentages also need careful interpretation. They describe the share of establishment and operating costs expected to be subject to designated sources or written specifications, and they exclude rent. They do not identify a discount, a markup, or the exact vendor mix for a future site. The current supplier list and every mandatory service contract should be reviewed before relying on a preliminary quote.

Required Purchases
Item 8 estimates that required or standards-controlled purchases represent approximately 25% to 50% of establishment costs and 15% to 25% of ongoing operating costs, excluding lease payments.
Approved Suppliers
Cost-relevant categories can include technology, signage, equipment, inventory and supplies, marketing services, VOIP, insurance, merchant processing, and bookkeeping for the first 12 months.
Insurance
No separate Item 7 insurance amount is disclosed. Insurance appears within Additional Funds, while Item 8 requires coverage by the earlier of using the Proprietary Marks or beginning build-out.

Source: 2026 FDD, Item 8, pp. 27-32.

PAYMENT TIMING

When is the money paid?

The required cash is staged rather than paid as one lump sum. Agreement charges come first; property and construction commitments follow as contracts are signed; systems and opening promotion start before the doors open; and the recurring obligations begin with operations.

Disclosure periodThe franchisor must provide the FDD at least 14 calendar days before a prospect signs a binding agreement or pays the franchisor or an affiliate. The FTC franchise buying guide explains this federal timing rule.
Franchise AgreementThe $59,500 Initial Franchise Fee is due at execution. Item 7 also places the $5,000 Initial Training Fee at execution, while Item 5 describes it as due before training participation. Confirm the invoice date in writing.
Site, lease, and constructionSecurity Deposits, permits, Professional Fees, architecture, Leasehold Improvements, Signage and Graphics, and Equipment and Supplies are paid as leases, vendor contracts, and government approvals progress.
Three months before openingThe current $650 monthly Technology Fee begins, producing $1,950 of pre-opening charges. Spavia also describes part of its Initial Marketing Spend as occurring before opening.
Opening and the next three monthsThe 6% Royalty Fee and 1% Fund Contribution begin. The $40,000 to $80,000 Additional Funds allowance covers specified operating expenses, but excludes any owner draw or salary.

The sequence shows why the full range is not the same as cash due at signing. The early contract payments are only the first layer. A buyer may later have overlapping obligations to a landlord, architect, contractor, utility provider, equipment vendor, insurer, and payroll provider before the location produces any operating receipts. The funding plan should therefore be organized by due date and payee, not just by cost category.

Delays can increase the need for available cash even when no category is formally changed. Rent may begin before opening, a construction deposit may be required before a lender disburses, and ordered equipment may need to be paid before installation. The disclosure assumes timely opening under the agreement and lease. Any gap between a payment deadline and a financing draw should be identified before contracts become non-refundable.

Because the opening reserve covers only an initial period and excludes owner compensation, the buyer's household budget should sit outside the business schedule. Keeping those two plans separate prevents personal living costs from being silently taken out of money intended for payroll, occupancy, repairs, taxes, and other opening obligations.

Exact pre-opening amounts paid to the franchisor

For one standard Day Spa in 2026, the three exact pre-opening components total $66,450. The displayed percentages are derived from those fixed amounts and reconcile to 100.00%.

Composition of $66,450 paid to Spavia or its affiliate before opening Initial Franchise Fee $59,500 or 89.54 percent; Initial Training Fee $5,000 or 7.52 percent; pre-opening Technology Fees $1,950 or 2.94 percent. $66,450 pre-opening
Initial Franchise Fee$59,500 | 89.54%
Initial Training Fee$5,000 | 7.52%
Pre-opening Technology Fees$1,950 | 2.94%

Source: 2026 FDD cover; Item 5, pp. 11-12; Item 7, pp. 21-22. The allocation percentages are derived calculations.

The tuition charge covers the owner and two other people, but not airfare, lodging, meals, wages, or salaries. The disclosed program contains 26 hours of classroom or remote instruction and approximately 14 to 21 hours on site. The brand's official training information presents the same structure. FDD source: Item 11, pp. 34-38.

ONGOING FEES

Which fees continue after opening?

After opening, the main continuing charges are 6% of Gross Sales for the royalty, 1% of Gross Sales for the brand fund, a current monthly systems charge, and required local promotion. The two percentage payments are generally collected each Tuesday for the preceding Monday-through-Sunday week, although the interval may change with notice.

Ongoing obligation Amount or basis Timing Cost interpretation
Royalty Fee 6% of Gross Sales Weekly after opening Gross Sales definition includes approved products, services, gift cards, and specified business-interruption proceeds, subject to stated exclusions.
Fund Contribution 1% of Gross Sales Same interval as Royalty Fee Supports the brand development fund.
Technology Fee Currently $650/month As invoiced May increase on 30 days' written notice for higher third-party provider charges.
Local Advertising Requirement $50,000 initial; $20,000 each later 12-month period As incurred The initial timing is internally inconsistent; see the Spavia-specific panel below.
Regional Advertising Cooperative Minimum $1,250/month if formed Upon demand No cooperative existed on the FDD issuance date; payments would be credited against Local Advertising Requirement.

Source: 2026 FDD, Item 6, pp. 13-16 and 19-20.

The recurring schedule contains three different payment mechanics. Percentage charges rise or fall with the disclosed revenue base. The systems bill is a fixed current amount but can change after notice. Local promotion is a spending requirement rather than a percentage remitted on the weekly collection cycle. Treating all three as one blended rate would hide when each obligation is paid and to whom.

The weekly debit mechanism also affects cash management. Receipts collected during one week can be followed quickly by an electronic withdrawal in the next. The account used for those withdrawals must remain adequately funded even while payroll, card-processing settlements, rent, and vendor invoices are moving on different schedules. This timing point does not change the percentage, but it can change the amount of short-term liquidity needed.

FEE BASIS

The percentage basis is revenue, not profit. Neither percentage should be converted into an annual dollar amount without a supported sales figure. The definition excludes practitioner tips, collected sales taxes, and qualifying customer allowances, while including specified gift-card activity and business-interruption insurance proceeds.

The definition should be read before comparing proposals from lenders or advisers. A business may collect money that is included in the fee base even when the accounting or cash-flow treatment is not intuitive, while specified pass-through amounts are excluded. The contract definition controls the calculation; a buyer-created definition of sales, receipts, or taxable revenue does not.

SPAVIA-SPECIFIC CASH ISSUE

How does the Local Advertising Requirement fit the Item 7 total?

The 2026 FDD does not clearly reconcile the full $50,000 Initial Marketing Spend with the published Item 7 total. Item 7 has no separate marketing line; its Additional Funds category includes marketing during the first three operating months. Item 6 then describes an initial marketing obligation using two different timelines.

The ambiguity is about overlap and timing, not whether promotion is required. Part of the spending is described before opening, part during the first quarter of operations, and part during the remainder of the first year. The opening-cost table separately says the reserve includes some marketing during the first operating period. Without a month-by-month schedule, the buyer cannot tell how much of the required spend is already embedded in the headline range.

A useful written reconciliation should identify the vendor or payee, the due month, whether the expenditure is merely recommended or contractually required, and which opening-table row contains it. It also should show whether any cooperative payment will reduce the separate local requirement. That level of detail prevents an amount from being omitted on one worksheet and duplicated on another.

Item 6 amount column Requires $50,000 within the first 12 months of operation, with at least $15,000 to $20,000, as Spavia designates, spent during the first three operating months.
Item 6 remarks column Describes $50,000 over a 15-month period: a recommended $15,000 during the three months before opening, $15,000 in the first three operating months, and $20,000 during the remaining nine months.
BUYER VERIFICATION

Do not automatically add $50,000 to the Item 7 total, because Additional Funds already include some marketing. Do not assume it is fully included either. Ask Spavia International, LLC for a written month-by-month opening marketing budget that identifies which amounts are inside Item 7, which are outside it, and when each payment becomes mandatory.

This issue is especially important for cash timing because pre-opening promotion can become payable while construction invoices and equipment deposits are still outstanding. A lender may also treat advertising differently from hard assets when determining what it will finance. The buyer's schedule should therefore show the source of funds for each month, not simply the aggregate amount expected over the full opening period.

Source: 2026 FDD, Item 6, pp. 13-14; Item 7, pp. 22 and 24-25.

MULTI-UNIT DEVELOPMENT

What changes under a Spavia Development Agreement?

The three-unit path covers development rights and the first operating location only. The later two openings require their own premises, construction, equipment, staffing, and operating budgets, so the disclosed range must not be treated as an all-in three-location total.

$569,950-$975,950

Three-unit development rights plus the first operating Day Spa. The $150,000 Development Fee is paid when the Development Agreement is signed. The buyer signs a Franchise Agreement for each location but does not pay an Initial Franchise Fee for Day Spas opened under that Development Agreement. Source: 2026 FDD, Item 5, p. 12; Item 7, pp. 25-26. Spavia also describes multi-unit ownership in its official ownership process.

The multi-unit structure changes the contract economics, but it does not eliminate the capital required for each later site. The development payment purchases territorial development rights subject to a schedule. It does not fund future leases, construction, equipment, hiring, opening promotion, or operating reserves. Those later obligations arise as each site is approved and developed.

The commitment should be tested against the timing of the entire schedule. Even when one location is operating, the next property may require deposits and design work before the first site has produced enough excess cash to support expansion. The buyer should identify which funds are available for each opening and whether delays at one property affect deadlines for the remaining locations.

Development Fee schedule

Under the 2026 multi-unit formula, the amount paid for development rights changes with the number of locations promised. The displayed four- and five-location figures are arithmetic from the stated formula; the per-location rates for larger commitments are direct disclosure figures.

$150,0003 Day Spas total
$200,0004 Day Spas total, derived from the disclosed formula
$250,0005 Day Spas total, derived from the disclosed formula
$45,000/unit6 to 9 Day Spas
$40,000/unit10 or more Day Spas

Source: 2026 FDD, Item 5, p. 12; Item 7, pp. 25-26. Four-unit and five-unit totals are arithmetic derived from $150,000 for three units plus $50,000 for each additional unit through five.

The displayed formula also explains why the three-unit range cannot be multiplied or divided to estimate a per-location average. The development payment is a one-time contract amount, while only the first operating site is included in the published total. Later sites may face different rents, contractor bids, landlord contributions, equipment prices, and opening dates. Each one needs a separate current budget.

FINANCIAL QUALIFICATIONS

How much liquid capital and net worth does Spavia require?

The disclosure does not state a financial-qualification threshold. For the current screen, use $200,000 or more in liquid capital and $500,000 or more in net worth, while recognizing that one official page shows a lower liquidity range. These measures answer different questions: the first concerns accessible funding, while the second measures assets minus liabilities.

A qualification screen is not a statement that the screened amount will cover the project. Accessible funds may be needed for deposits, lender equity, overruns, and expenses that cannot be financed. Net worth can include assets that are not readily convertible to cash. Neither measure changes the official opening range, and neither guarantees approval by the franchisor or a lender.

SOURCE CONFLICT

The official pages are not fully consistent. The financial-requirements page uses the higher liquidity minimum, while the cost page displays a $100,000 to $200,000 range. Use the more conservative current screen and obtain written confirmation for the proposed ownership structure.

Does Spavia provide financing?

No. The franchisor, its affiliates, and its agents do not offer direct or indirect funding and do not guarantee a buyer's obligations. Equipment suppliers or landlords may offer financing or leasing case by case, and the official site says candidates may be introduced to outside lenders or brokers. This is the 2026 disclosure position for both single-unit and development candidates.

Third-party funding can alter the payment schedule but not the disclosed responsibility for the cost. A lease, equipment note, or construction loan may require a down payment, collateral, personal guarantees, fees, and interest. Approval depends on the lender or supplier, and the franchisor's introduction to a provider is not an approval or a promise of terms.

A practical funding review should separate owner cash, borrowed proceeds, landlord reimbursements, and vendor credit. It should also identify which expenses a proposed lender will not cover and when the borrower must contribute equity. This prevents a headline loan amount from being mistaken for immediately available cash.

Spavia appears in the SBA Franchise Directory effective July 14, 2026. Directory placement helps lenders assess agreement eligibility; it is not an SBA endorsement, a loan approval, or a guarantee that the entire investment can be financed. FDD source: Item 10, p. 33; Item 7, pp. 24-25.

CONDITIONAL AND LIFE-CYCLE COSTS

Which additional fees can be triggered later?

Item 6 contains several charges that are not part of a normal weekly fee cycle but can become material after inspection problems, training changes, default, transfer, relocation, renewal, or termination. Their relevance depends on the event.

Royalty Shortfall Payment
After the first anniversary, monthly Minimum Performance Standards rise from $20,000 to $25,000 after the second anniversary and $30,000 after the third. Three consecutive months below the applicable threshold can trigger a payment equal to the difference between royalties at the threshold and actual royalties paid.
Additional Training
Up to $1,500 for re-attendance or a new Initial Training Program trainee; $300 per trainer per day for other training; $850 per day for Designated Manager training; plus reimbursed expenses.
Conference and Reinspection
Conference registration is currently $400 to $600 plus travel and lodging. Reinspection is $150 per hour plus out-of-pocket expenses.
Renewal
$10,000 due 90 days before renewal. Refresher training can add up to $1,500 per session, $150 per hour, and out-of-pocket expenses. Item 17 also requires renovation and modernization, but no amount is disclosed.
Transfer and Relocation
Franchise Agreement transfer: $15,000. Development Agreement transfer: $15,000 per undeveloped franchise assigned. Relocation: $5,000 when the request is submitted. Third-party broker fees can also apply.
Audit, Late Payment, and Reporting
Actual audit cost if Gross Sales were underreported by at least 2%; interest of 1.5% per month or the legal maximum on delinquent amounts; $10 per day from the 11th day after a report is due; $30 for a dishonored check or insufficient EFT funds.
Default Management
Up to 8% of Gross Sales during a period when Spavia or its representative temporarily manages the Day Spa because of material default or disability, plus related costs and expenses.
Marketing and Exit
Up to $100 per unauthorized marketing occurrence plus enforcement costs, and actual De-Identification costs after expiration or termination when Spavia or third parties perform the work.
Supplier Review and Other Variable Costs
An alternate-supplier or non-approved-product review currently has no evaluation fee, but a future fee may be imposed up to $500; actual inspection or testing costs may also be reimbursable. A future call center could carry a then-current subscription charge. Collection, legal enforcement, indemnity, replacement insurance, and default-related expenses vary with the circumstance and can be due on demand.

Source: 2026 FDD, Item 6, pp. 13-20; renewal and modernization obligation cross-checked to Item 17, p. 54.

These event-based charges should not be added mechanically to the opening total because they may never occur, may occur years later, or depend on a breach, transaction, inspection result, or operational decision. They still matter to the capital decision because the agreement can create a future cash obligation at a time when the owner is also paying ordinary operating bills.

The useful due-diligence question is not “What contingency percentage should be added?” The disclosure does not provide one. Instead, the buyer should understand each trigger, the calculation method, any notice or cure period, and whether third-party expenses are added to the stated charge. Renewal and transfer planning should also account for physical updates and professional costs that have no fixed amount in the current document.

FINAL CAPITAL CHECK

What should a buyer verify before relying on the published range?

The published headline range is the correct starting point for one location, but it is not a reconciled cash-flow calendar. The largest uncertainty is the premises build-out, followed by outfitting, opening liquidity, and the unresolved relationship between the promotion schedule and the opening-cost table.

Request a corrected reconciliation that explains the $25,000 low-end and $4,500 high-end arithmetic differences.
Obtain a premises-specific build-out budget showing gross construction, the Tenant Improvement Allowance, timing of landlord reimbursement, and which costs remain out of pocket.
Reconcile the 15-month promotion schedule against the opening reserve so the same expense is neither omitted nor counted twice.
Confirm the current financial screen because official pages differ on whether liquid capital begins at $100,000 or $200,000.
Model personal living costs separately because the opening reserve excludes the owner's draw or salary and covers only the first three operating months.
For multi-unit development, budget every later location separately; the three-pack range includes only development rights and the first operating site.

The verification work should end in a single dated cash schedule. Each row should show the obligation, responsible payee, contract or invoice that creates it, earliest due date, expected payment date, refundability, financing source, and whether the amount is already included in the published range. Uncertain entries should remain labeled as uncertain rather than being replaced with an unsupported midpoint.

The schedule should be updated when the site, lease, contractor scope, supplier quotes, insurance proposals, and lender terms become known. Those documents can change timing and allocation even when the official headline range remains unchanged. A current written version is more useful than a static total because it shows whether enough money is available at every stage, not merely in aggregate.

Capital synthesis: The headline opening range, upfront payments, continuing percentages, financial screen, and property budget are separate funding questions. A buyer should not use one figure as a substitute for another, and should not commit to a site until the payment calendar, landlord contribution, opening reserve, and promotional obligations are reconciled in writing.